Financial Analysis Of Tesco PLC

Financial Analysis Of Tesco PLCTesco Plc is a leading UK retailer that operates in 13 countries across Asia, Europe and the United States. In order to evaluate Tescos financial positions in the commercialise, vertical, horizontal and dimension analyses will be implemented. In addition, this calculate will benchmark two master(prenominal) competitors of the company, namely Morrisons and Sainsburys. Finally, in conclusion it will provide some recommendation for future investors and for those who are considering future employment in the company.1. reexamine of Tescos financial fundamentals everywhere the last 5 course of studys.In order to examine Tescos performance, vertical analysis of the financial fundamentals for 2006-2010 would be implemented.1.1 Income statement trends evade 3% change PL account2006/072007/082008/092009/10Sales8.08%10.92%13.95%5.59%Cost of gross r scourue8.17%10.83%13.84%5.21%Gross cabbage14.37%4.82%15.29%10.08%Expenses8.27%10.47%14.48%5.80%Operating pr ofit16.14%5.40%13.54%9.09%Finance income-21.05%107.78%-37.97%128.45%Finance cost-10.4%15.7%91.2%21.13% task18.95%-12.8%17.8%6.6%Retained profits20.49%12.16%0.38%9.26% opening Tesco PLC Annual nonify and Financial Statements 2007/10Sales are the main measures for commerce growth. Tescos revenue has summation by 7.14% per year for the last 5 years. The slowing GDP growth and the deteriorating consumer confidence, which was result of the recent economic downturn, were the main reasons for the recent slowdown in the rate of growth. The absolute state aim of sales has still increased. of the companys sales levels.Notwithstanding the challenging economic environment, Tesco managed to maintain strong margins due to large investments in new stores and lower prices, better acquit rates and effective cost management. The lowest operating and gross profits get ins were registered in 2007/2008 just now this was a result of 89m investment in US and integ symmetryn cost from market acqu isitions in Czech Republic, Poland and Malaysia.The most significant figure in 2009 is the increased amount of finance costs, from 250m to 478m or by 91.2% that was result of increased average net debt level slinked to acquisitions and foreign exchange movements, higher coupon rates on commercial paper and unfavourable changes in the non- property IFRS elements of the occupy budge (Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2009). This considerably affected retained profits and a slight increase by 0.38% was registered.Finally, in 2010 there was a significant increase of the finance income by 128.45%, resulting growth in the retained profits by 9.26% due to the consolidation of Tesco Bank.1.2 Balance sheet trends instrument panel 42006/072007/082008/092009/10Current assets16.76%37.67%122.94%-16.23%Inventories31.90%25.84%9.84%2.25%Trade receivables20.96%21.50%37.15%5.01%Non- veritable assets8.51%17.96%34.45%6.77%Current liabilities9.69%25.90%75.78%-11.23%Non-current liabiliti es8.62%31.48%87.75%2.06%Shareholders funds/Equity11.93%12.59%9.18%12.97%Source Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2007/10According to the balance sheet in 2007, the increase in stock and debtors outpaced sales that was quite inconvenience, while the fixed assets were satisfactory. The problem with the stock trend was reversed in 2009 and 2010, but the debtors level, and the liabilities along with the fixed assets grew hot than sales in 2009 as a result of the economic downturn and the consumers uncertainty (see circumvent 4).2. Ratio Analysis of TescoFinancial ratio analysis is unrivaled of the most common methods that provides a quick and relatively simple means of assessing the financial health of a business ( Atrill McLaney, 2006, pp168).2.1 Profitability RatiosProfitability ratios provide an brain wave to the stagecoach of success in achieving this purpose (Atrill McLaney, 2006, pp169).Table 520062007200820092010ROSF16.69%17.96%17.90%16.57%15.91%ROCE12.70%12 .60%12.70%12.80%12.10%Net profit margin5.78%6.21%5.90%5.88%6.07%Gross profit margin7.67%8.12%7.67%7.76%8.10%Source Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2007/10According to table 5 Tescos ROSF ratios vary between 16-18% and ROCE between 12-13%. In 2007 and 2008 the ratios are tend to increase while in 2010 a considerable drop can be noticed. This reduction is result of the companys strategy to continue investment even during the receding that has affected the returns in short term, but at the same time it promises progress in long term aspect (Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010).Net profit and gross profit margin ratios have been also remarkably consistent over the 5 years period. Despite the recent economic downturn, Tesco managed to maintain its strong positions and due to high-octane cost management, price cuts and increased focus on its clubcard loyalty cart, it raised pre-tax profit by 9% in 2010 (http//www.guardian.co.uk).2.2 Efficiency RatiosTa ble 620062007200820092010 line of descent turnover period (days)1518201919Sales revenue to cap. active (times)2.622.562.381.931.90UK Sales revenue per employee170,923177,084179,840196,436196,120Profit per employee10,19011,29210,81413,06514,303UK Sales per square pedestal13031325132213181311Source Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2007/10Generally, the expertness of Tescos performance during the last 5 years is persistent. Stock turnover ratio has been remarkably lulu and has varied between 19-20 days over the last 4 years which is evidence for a costly control of stock. However, from 2006 to 2010 sales revenue to capital employed ratio decreased significantly from 2.62 to 1.90 (by 27.5%) which was result of the considerable increase in the level of tradeholders funds and non-current liabilities (by 173% and 55% respectively). Additionally, the most important ratios measuring business efficiency are sales per employee and profit per employee. Tescos ratios are sat isfactory notwithstanding the declines in 2008 that are understandable bearing in mind the challenging economic conditions (see table 6).2.3 Liquidity RatiosAccording to McLaney Atrill liquidity is vital to the survival of a business for there to be sufficient liquid resources available to meet maturing obligations (Atrill McLaney, 2006, pp169).Table 720062007200820092010Current ratio0.520.560.610.750.73Acid test ratio0.330.320.370.600.56Cash generated from operations to maturing obligations0.450.430.400.280.37Source Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2007/10Tescos liquidity has considerably meliorate over the 5 years period due to strong cash generations and tight control of capital expenditure. Working capital also increased significantly, by 20%. However, liquidity ratios are still very low, current ratio varying from 0.5 to 0.7 and acid test ratio from 0.3 to 0.5. This seems disastrously when referencing to some textbooks that suggest that current ratio should b e around 2 and the acid ratio should be around 1. But according to Atrill McLaney (2006) the current ratio will vary from business to business and a supermarket chain will have a relatively low ratio, as it will hold only fast-moving inventories of finished goods and all of its sales will be made for cash (no credit sales) (trill McLaney, 2006, pp 187). (See table 7)2.4 Financial Gearing RatioGearing ratio is one of the most important indicators regarding the degree of risk associated with a businessit tends to highlight the extent to which the business uses loan finance (Atrill McLaney, 2006, pp169).Table 820062007200820092010Gearing ratio37.23%36.53%40.03%53.86%51.08%Interest cover ratio6.267.046.815.645.01Source Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2007/10There are no significant changes of Tescos gearing ratio during the last 5 years it top out at 53.9% in 2009 due to the significant increase of the long-term liabilities and the shareholders fund resulted of Home ver acquisition in South Africa. On the other hand, interest cover ratio decreased significantly from 7 in 2007 to 5 in 2010, but the company still will not have problem to meet its interest (see table 8).2.5 Investment ratiosInvestment ratios give an answer to the key question whether shares should be bought, sold or hold.Table 920062007200820092010Earnings per share20.0422.3626.9527.1429.33P/E ratio16.519.914.611.513.2Dividend per share8.639.6410.911.9613.05Dividend cover3.574.072.692.422.41Dividend payout27.98%24.59%37.18%41.30%41.44%Dividend yield2.6%2.2%2.7%3.6%3.1%cash from operations /number of shares0.440.450.520.630.75Source Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2007/10Tescos recompense per share ratio has increased by around 46% over the last five years, which is a good trend. Dividend per share also registered an excellent growth by 51% for the 5 year period. Dividend cover ratio is another important ratio that determines whether company is lovely for investo rs. Tescos dividend cover ratio is decreasing significantly over the last 3 years, which is good for investors looking for capital appreciation. However, low dividend cover is unattractive for those seeking income (Fitzgerald, (2002, pp160). Dividend yield is another important investment indicator demo the actual return provided by the company. For 2006-2010 Tescos dividend yield ratio has been quite variable, the lowest rate was 2.2% in 2007 and the highest was 3.6% in 2009. In 2009 the high yield was affected by economic situation and the company was expected to have low profits growth. In contrast, low dividend yields mean that the company is expected to grow its profits pronto (Arnold, 2004, pp 191) (See table 9). In addition, in 2009 the lowest P/E ratio was registered again because of the expectation for slowdown in profits (Arnold, 2004, pp 187).3. Benchmark the performance of TescoNowadays, retail industry is characterised by very intense competition and in order to obtain clearer picture of Tescos growth, it would be useful to benchmark the company to some of its main competitors, namely Morrisons and Sainsburys, evaluating some fundamental financial indicators.Firstly, it should be taken into consideration the fact Morrisons and Sainsburys operates only at national level and Tesco is operating internationally. Therefore, there would be some significant differences in their indices in proportion to Tesco.Figure 1 Figure 2Source Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010, Morrisons one-year report and financial statements 2010 J Sainsbury plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010Figure 1 clearly shows that for 2010, Tesco is the market leader with 63% sales levels comparingd to the whole troika companies revenue. Sainsburys is the irregular with 22% and Morrisons is the third, registering 16% sales.In terms of profitability good sign is that all the three companies have managed to maintain its position even during the economic recession and continue to increase their profit numbers. However, comparing Morrisons and Sainsburys uncertain fact is that they obtained almost the same levels of profit in 2010, bearing in mind that Sainsburys is much large than Morrisons. Thus, Morrisons is found to be more efficient with margin of 5.9%, comparing to Sainsburys ratio of 3.6% (see figure 2).Additionally, while Morrisons and Sainsburys increased their return on capital employed ratio, even slightly, Tesco registered a significant drop in 2010, by 0.7%, result of the consolidation of Tesco Bank. However, from investors point of view, in long term, this is not an inconvenience trend because it will take some time until Tesco Bank start making any profits (see figure 2).Figure 3Source Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010, Morrisons annual report and financial statements 2010 J Sainsbury plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010When it comes to productivity, for 2010, again Tesco is on the top with the highest level of sales per square ft in UK, followed by Sainsburys and Morrisons. In terms of sales per employee, there is not a significant difference between the three retails, although Morrisons is presenting more convenience levels in contrast to Sainsburys (see figure 3).Figure4 Figure 5Source Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010, Morrisons annual report and financial statements 2010 J Sainsbury plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010From all the three companies, in 2010 Tesco registered the highest level of gearing, 51.08%, Sainsburys 38.4% and Morrisons 25.1%, which means Tesco I highly geared. This is not necessary uncertain fact because Tesco is a mature business with strong and reliable cash flows that can allow higher level. In terms of interest cover, Morrisons presents the most convinience positions with ratio of 15.11. Sainsburys and Tescos rates are low (see figure 4 5).Figure 6Source Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010, Morrisons annual report and financial statements 2010 J Sainsbury plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010Finally, Morrisons has the highest earnings per share ratio, 30.36p, but at the same time and the highest dividend cover, which is not very attractive for investors seeking income. Those investors would be more attracted by Sainsburys and Tescos ratio that are quite low, 2.43 and 2.41, respectively (see figure 6). rating ConclusionBased on the analysis above, it could be concluded that Tesco is a growing company that demonstrates very convenience performance over the last 5 Years, increasing revenues and profits. However, in order to take objective investment decision, share prices and dividend trends should be taken into consideration.Over the last 5 years Tesco has increased its market shares. In October 2010, Tesco PLC reported semi annual 2011 earnings of 16.43 per share that is better than the last years result for the same period by 18.20% (markets.ft.com). In comparison to the FTSE 100 Index, for example, it also demonstrates good trends over the last week Tesco outperformed the FTSE 100 Index (markets.ft.com) (see Table 10). On the other hand, Tescos current share prices (432.00p) do not seem so attractive, comparing to its rivals with lowest prices, Morissons- 269.20p and Sainsburys-376.00p. Additionally, in terms of the dividend yield rates, there is a significant drop from 3.6% in 2009 to 3.1% in 2010. This could be caused by several factors, but at the same time, it could be a warning sign that the prices are raised excessively and they might be overpriced (moneyweek.com).Table 10Name1 Week1 Month6 Month1 Year5 YearTesco PLC-0.24%+2.48%+8.74%+2.57%+30.59%FTSE 100 Index+1.42%+1.63%+12.91%+10.83%+6.70%Source Tesco PLC, markets.ft.comFinally, according to the Tescos ratio analysis and the benchmark there are some other uncertainties regarding liquidity and gearing in comparison to Morrisons and Sainsburys, for example. Thus, notwit hstanding the satisfying dividend and earnings per share and the strong performance of Tesco, the current share prices do not look very attractive for buying. In this case, Morrisons might be more attractive for future investment noting its successful nationwide expansion, fast growing trend and low share prices.At first glance Tesco seems an attractive place to behave as it has significant growth potential and has very strong positions in the market. The companys employment policy is veryOverall you have made a good start here. You need to analyse the current share price, dividend yield and P/E ratio for Tesco to see whether it is worth investing. Even if Tesco is a strong operator in a business sense that doesnt mean we should buy its shares. The strength may already be reflected in the share price or, indeed, the shares may be overpriced. You need to look at share price trends and compare with the FTSE 100 or with an index for the food and drug retail sector. Or you could exami ne TSR and compare that with the competittion. You need to try to get a feel for whether the shares should be bought at the current price.You also havent answered the employment question you need to find some employee connect data.

Information Systems In Business Development

knowledge g all overnances In Business DevelopmentThe implementation of the culture constitution in the development of the phone line is roughly necessary now days. For most business, there be varieties of requirements for information. In every make-up different level of focusing need different showcase of information for development of business. For example, senior solicitude needs information to do with their business planning. Middle management needs more detailed information to monitor and fit business activity. The employees at lower management need information to avail them to perform their duties. In this global world information formations are playing meaning(a) role in any brass sections to meet their strategic goals. For the development of the business it very important to have good information system of rules in distributively department of governing such as accounting, finance, foodstuffing and human re character department to perform business operat ions. In addition, the technical terms of information system refers to the interaction between algorithmic operate and the technology(Brown, 1991). The meaning of the information system is not just the technology habituated by organization, but also it refers the commission in which organization uses the technology for their business process. Information system is sets of interrelated component that collect process and store information to familys management in termination making. Companies that are using up to date information system to evaluate internal and external information are gaining advantage over the firm. For example, a sophisticated information system helps companies to monitor employees, to keep conductor and employee to coordinates activities among divisions. Furthermore good information system provides the facilities of direct communication between firm and suppliers, manufacturers, dealers and marketers. Using Information system together, they can create a valu able chain in organization. An information system enables companies to store, retrieve and control valuable information. In upcoming years, the use of good information system in organization bequeath be no longer an option. It will be compulsory in development and conquest of business. There are various kind of information are available, which can be implement in organization for the development of the business. The main kinds of information system use in businesses are Executive support system (ESS), Management Information system (MIS), Decision support system (DSS), friendship Management System (KMS), Transaction processing system (TPS) and Office Automations System (OAS). The different level of management in organization needs different level of information system. The interest diagram shows the relation of the information system with the different level of the organization.The main kinds of information system, the implementation of that can be helpful in development of busin esses are described as follow.Executive Support System (ESS)The Executive support system helps to senior management to decide business strategic plan and to limit finish based on strategy. ESS helps to gather and analyses the internal and external information used in businesses. ESS is a like instrumental panel in zephyr craft cockpit which is showing the status of all the key business activities to senior management team of organization (Brown, 1991). ESS typically involves lots of data analysis and mannequin tools to help in strategic decision making. In addition, some ESS provides the analysis tool that predicts a series of performance outcomes overtime using input data. This type of ESS is useful to executive staff, it provides possible outcomes and quick reference to statistics and numbers needed for decision-making .Now days there are software wanders who offer pre design Executives support system packages suitable to one particular organization. They also provide the faci lities to customize the Executive support system to meet needs of particular organization. The solid example of the company which is using calculating machine based ESS is Woolworths. Woolworths is second largest retailer of Australia. Company has spent $US11billion and select JDA softwares Arthurs enterprise suite which is including performance analysis tool and information manager databases to support its Big W department chain.(ARIZ ,2001).Management Information System (MIS)A management information system is a system or process that provides the information necessary to manage organization effectively. MIS is planned system of collecting processing and storing Management information system is mainly concern with the internal source of information in organization. Management information system analyzes data captured from dealings processing system and creates reports based for decision making. The report generate by MIS will be used by middle management and operational superviso r.MIS is very useful to generate reports for example, financial statements , inventory status report, performance report for telephone number or non routine processes. It is very important to manage the flow of information in organization for the future development of the business. The Management information system helps to crowing organization to manage the information interchanging between different departments such as store and distribution center. For example Coles super market is one of the biggest retailers in Australia. Coles has recently implemented new version of the computer based information management system named LETTUS to provide significant inventory management benefit to store and suppliers. The hobby Diagram illustrating how Coles manage information flow between organizations.Decision Support System (DIS)Decision Support Systems (DIS) are specifically design to help management for decision making in situation where there is uncertainty about possible outcomes of those decision. It is important to implement decision support system in business because it supports business and organizational decision making activities. The properly designed decision support system is an interactive software based system intended to help decision maker to compile useful information from naked data (smith, 2001). Decision support system helps to enhance the abilities of decision maker or sort of decision maker to make decision in favor of companys development. Furthermore, Decision support systems are call of computerized information system that supports decision making activities. The decision support system can be classified in to five different types which areCommunication dictated DSSData driven DSSDocument driven DSSKnowledge driven DSSModel driven DSSThe above different types of decision support system are used to make decision based on different situation. The implementation of Decision support system in business helps to make effective decision in or der to make business development.Knowledge Management System (KMS)Knowledge Management system helps businesses to create and share information. This types of system used in organization where employee creates knowledge and expertise which can thence be shared by other people in organization to create commercial opportunities. The examples of the knowledge management systems are Firms of Lawyers associated with organization, Accountants and management consultants Knowledge system generally built around which allows efficient categorization and distributions of knowledge. Knowledge Management system enables employee to have ready access of organizations documents based of fact. Now days, it not an nonmandatory to use knowledge management System for an organization whether it is public or private big or small. Knowledge management system provides aid to organization to creating sharing and processing knowledge.Transaction Processing System (TPS)Transaction processing system used to pr ocess routine transaction efficiently and accurately. One organization may have more than one transaction processing systems for example billing system to print invoice for node, payroll and text calculation system, raw material requirements calculations system, Stock control system, Transaction processing system helps to manage data that must be in consistent state. In addition, the daily transaction done by the Transaction processing system can help to upper level management to make decision for the future business. For example, by analyzing customer transaction data management can identify the customers purchasing behaviors. TPS also help to maintain relationship with customers based on transaction. There are umteen super markets which are using transaction processing system to maintain their daily transaction. Coles Supermarket is a very good example which is using fully computer base transaction processing system. TPS used by Coles store their day to day transaction in centra l data base. Higher level management determines this stored data to identify customer value and maintain relationship with customer to expand the business.Office Automation System (AOS)Office mechanisation systems are systems that help to improve the productivity of employee who are responsible to process data and information. There are many office automation system exist in market which can be easily implement in organization to improve the productivities of employee. The examples of the well know office automation system are Microsoft office, Microsoft works and more.OAS helps in optimizing or automating existing office procedure. Most of companies are using office automation system to create data sheet, reports, and statements. The well known Office automation system used by most of organizations is Microsoft Package including (MS Office, PowerPoint, and Excel.)In nutshell, now days the revolutionary change in the area of information technology has changed the focal point of bus iness in each industries. Complete computer based information systems provides the support to organization to maintain internal and external source of information. In addition, to over come cut throat competition to it very important for each organization either to implement computer based information system or to adopt existing computer based information system package. The use of information system gives advantage to each level of management in organization to plan strategy and decision making. The use of Computer based information system will not be optional anymore in future. It will be compulsory for organization to implement information system for business development

Honor and Dueling :: European Europe History

Honor and affaire dhonneuringA affaire dhonneur was a prearranged combat with lethal weapons between two people, unremarkably taking place under formal arrangements. Each side had a witness, called seconds. The usual cause of a duel is an insult given by whizz person to the other or over a question of honor. The scrapd person has the right to set the place, time, and weapons. Duels have generally been fought early in the morning in secluded places. (Encarta Duel)Dueling to avenge ones honor has never been profound, dueling has been marked by laws opposing it. The practice became popular in Europe after the famous challenge between King Charles V of Spain and Francis I of France. When war was declared on Spain in 1528 by Francis, he annulled the treaty between the two countries, Francis was challenged to a duel after being accused of ungentlemanly conduct by the Spanish ruler. The duel never did take place because making arrangements was to difficult, but this incident influenced the address of Europeans so that gentlemen everywhere thought they were entitled to avenge slights on their honor by having similar challenges. (Encarta Duel)Duels involving honor were so prevalent in France that Charles IX issued an ordinance in 1566 that was death to anyone participating in a duel. This became a model for later edicts against dueling. Dueling however did survive longer than monarchy in France. Dueling became a proficiency for resolving political disputes. (Britannica Duel) The duel was intensely popular in England, during Restoration. Legislation during the 17th century had little effect on suppressing the practice. The English Common virtue declares that killing in a duel to be held as murder, but juries rarely convicted in cases of dueling until the custom had ceased to be popular during the reign of Queen Victoria. (Encarta Duel)The earliest form of dueling was the judicial duel or trial by battle. The judicial duel was established because solemn affirmation, or swearing of oaths, in legal arguments had led to extensive perjury and the ordeal has too much of a chance of being manipulated by the priests. If one man declares before a gauge that his opponent was guilty of a crime and the accused said that his accuser is lying, the judge would order the two to meet in a duel. The judge then stipulated the conditions as to the place, time, and weapons. The combatants had to guarantee their participation by throwing down a gauntlet and his opponent accepted by picking it up.

Plato Essays -- essays research papers

Plato was a philosopher and educator in ancient Greece. He was one of the most important thinkers and writers in the history of Western culture. Plato was born in Athens into a family that was one of the oldest and most distinguished in the city. His father Ariston died when Plato was only a child. The name Plato was a nickname meaning broad shoulders. Platos real name was Aristocles. Plato had aspirations of becoming a politician, however these hopes were destroyed when his friend Socrates was sentenced to death in 299 B.C. Extremely hurt Plato left-hand(a) Athens and traveled for several years. In 387 B.C., Plato returned to Athens and founded a school of philosophy and science that became known as the Academy. Topics such as astronomy, biological sciences, mathematics, and governmental science w...

Essay on Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and Bladerunner -- Movie Film com

Similarities between Frankenstein and Bladerunner M each similarities can be found between Mary Shelleys 1816 novel, Frankenstein and the 1982 movie Bladerunner . The number of similarities between these dickens works, created more than two hundred years apart, is staggering. A cursory look at both works reveals these similarities Both stories feature a very happy person trying to play God through the creation of life. Both of the creatures were subsequently mistreated by their maker and society as a whole. In both stories, the audience is left feeling greater sympathy for the monster than for the creator. Both stories contain a very intelligent creator who seems unaw ar of the forces that they are dealing with. They are both fascinated with human life and wish to create it themselves. Victor Frankenstein states, One of the phenomena which had peculiarly attracted my attention was the structure of the human frame, and, indeed, any animal endued with life. Whence, I often aske d myself did the principle of life proceed?(pg. 51) Both creators share a fascination with where life proceeds from. Is it merely intellect? Or, as in the case of Bladerunner, are emotions the defining element of human life. Both creators are expressly interested in creating a life form touch on to human and Tyrell even wishes to create a life form superior to man. Both stories share a central theme, that the acquirement too much noesis is dangerous. Throughout Frankenstein, the reader is left with the feeling that Victors obsessive desire to defeat nature, through the creation of another life, directly led to the many tragedies that befell him, Learn from me, if not by my precept, at least by my example, how dangerous is the ac... ...g detail of its execution. (pg 219). Roy expresses to Tyrell that he has d one and only(a) undesirable things during his life that were caused because of his desire to live longer than his allotted quatern years. Both monsters express their longi ng to remain alive. Even though life has not been fair to them and fait dealt them a cruel hand, these creatures still cling to life dearly, Life, although it may only be an accumulation of anguish, is dear to me, and I will defend it.. (pg 100) Lastly both Frankensteins monster and Roy Baty state what it means to be a slave, one to his envy and rage, and the other to a human race that spurns him. ..but I was the slave, not the master, of an impulse, which I detested, yet could not disobey...Evil thence forth became my good. Works Cited Shelley, M. (1969). Frankenstein (12th ed.). Oxford Oxford University Press.

Thousand Acres Essay -- essays research papers

A Thousand Acres, by Jane Smiley, is a story of incest, ignorance, and the imperialistic voice of the almighty man. Ignorance of existence lead by a man, particularviews of lift and Ginny, and domesticated to believe that "When we are good girls and accept our circumstances, were glad about it. . .When we are bad girls, it drives us crazy" (99). The imperialistic voice usually comes from the omnipotent Larry Cook, Rose, Ginny, and Carolines father. And the incestuous relations only entangle this dysfunctional family. The eldest daughter, Ginny, is the most patriotic and idolizes her father. The second eldest daughter, Rose, is linked to her father through Ginny, who keeps her from losing faith in him. Rose questions whether the loyalty that Ginny shows her father makes her obedient or if her reluctance to judge him proves her ignorance. Rose has two daughters, Pammy and Linda, who are also first hand witnesses to the episodes of the Cook family trauma, but remain dormant to what goes on around them. Caroline, the youngest daughter has left the one mebibyte acres of land they grew up on to become a lawyer. Caroline is married to Frank Ras, whom also is a lawyer and they do non afford any children. The book is narrated from Ginnys view pane. Ginny is married to Ty and they dont have any children, but Ginny secretively keeps trying. Ginny also has an extramarital affair with Jess Clark, son of Harold Clark the neighbor and best friend of Larry Cook. Jess has just returned to Zebulon County from the food corp. Given the basic character summary, one of the reputations or recurrent ideas that was present throughout the whole book was mastery. This domination concept was usually brought to life through the character, Larry Cook, over issues like farming, food, appearance or anything else that didnt sit well with his expectations in life. Being that domination is not something tangible, conflicts such as the above mentioned were used to develop the them e idea into a concrete representation and also illustrate the effects that the domination theme had on the women of Zebulon County.The whole farming conflict begins when Larry Cook impulsively decides to distribute his one thousand acres of farmland to his three daughters and Caroline, the youngest daughter... ... with his opinions. In this male-dominated culture, its as if women are material possessions and the place of women is dependent on men. And at first, the women accepted this. Ginny remarks, "of course it was silly to talk about my point of view. When my father asserted his point of view, mine vanished" (176). And so did her dignity. Larry Cook, Farmer of the YearIn conclusion, the above conflicts portray the domination overtones and the effect that the domination had on the women. Larry Cook seems to be a labourer of all trades. He is portrayed as being a god, a businessman, and a farmer. But Larry lacks when it comes to the being, Larry Cook, the father. He is s o strict about having things done a certain way with little variations that it blinds him to the wants and needs of those around him. Initially the novel, Ginny suppresses her voice and remained an obedient figure. She has been cultured to believe that a woman has to rely upon the masculine representation figure. As Ginnys character develops, she begins to break through the mental chains of masculine dependency and start a new life for herself without regret.

NASA Cries for Money Essay -- Politics Government

In Lee Billings article, What Future for NASA, Billing discusses the past and present perspective of the NASA program and how over fifty years of running hasnt accomplished NASA very much. In 1958 the National Aeronautics and Space Act was signed allowing for NASA to be formed. This fall to a major race which caught Americas eye. The goal was to reach the Moon as quickly as possible, not to develop a lasting ability to go on that point. After the race was won in 1969, America lost interest. Even on NASAs 50th year anniversary, they were still unable to send astronauts beyond low-Earth orbit.Fundings dramatically decreased and NASA is still struggling to pay for any advancements. Something must be done to insure the advancements of research for new technology. But with the loss of funding there wont be anyway to do that very soon. According to Billing, NASAs 2009 budget is about $18 one million million million. Each year the US spends more than $300 billion nonrecreational inter est on the growing debt. On defense and homeland security the US will spend $600 billion and that does not include the $12 billion spent...