Right, Wrong and Everything In Between Essay -- Ethics, Morality

In the fields of education and psychology, scholars generally advocate increased moral education in hopes of instilling in children a desire to develop their own character (Huitt, 2004; Nucci, 2008). Nucci (2008) argues that while all of the social concerns in the United States are not intrinsically moral, there exists a linkage between social issues and the decline of moral values. Claiming that the ongoing debate on morality in today’s youth relies too heavily on uninformed personal views, he urges the public to revisit the scholarly literature with its methodically conducted research (Nucci, 2008). Therefore, in order to further the development of society in the areas of moral responsibility and ethical behaviors, the need to investigate moral development of children, acknowledge a number of potential factors involved in this process, and ascribe points of its future direction becomes ever more time-sensitive. The following summary and discussion points derive from one-on-one observations and responses recorded from a multiracial 5-year-old boy in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania whose parents are both Christians. He was clinically interviewed in his house, specifically in his own room that he solely occupies, without the presence of his parents, who were in the dining room at the time. During my interview session, because he was familiar with setting and the objects within, frequent distractions arose, yet whenever the boy gave his response to the question or situation, he did so coherently. Similar to the study of 5- to 9-year-olds conducted by Wainryb et al. (2004), the interview initially probed the boy’s sense of right and wrong. The findings show that this boy encourages sharing and will report classmates to the teacher for... ...ited Berkowitz, M. W., & Grych, J. H. (1998). Journal of Moral Education, 27(3), 371-391. Hoffman, M. L. (2000). Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Huitt, W. (2004). Moral and character development. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Kohlberg, L. (2008). The development of children’s orientations toward a moral order: I. Sequence in the development of moral thought. Human Development, 51(1), 8-20. Nucci, L. (2008). Moral development and moral education: An overview. Social and Moral Development and Education. Wainryb, C., Shaw, L. A., Langley, M., Cottam, K., & Lewis, R. (2004). Children’s thinking about diversity of belief in the early school years: Judgments of relativism, tolerance, and disagreeing persons. Child Development, 75(3), 687-703.

Research Paper on Extraction of Pectin Essay

Sampalok, being of prehistoric introduction, is planted throughout the settled areas of the Philippines and is cultivated for its many uses. The plant is a large tree from 12 to 25 meters in height. The pods are oblong, thickened, and 6 to 15 centimetres by 2 to 3 centimeters, slightly compressed, and provided with a thin, crustaceous epicarp and a pulpy, acid, edible mesocarp. The young leaves flowers, leaves, and young pods are being used by people for seasoning foods like â€Å"sinigang†. The pulp surrounding the seeds, called â€Å"malasebo† is eaten outright either with or without salt (E. Quisumbing, 1951). Sampalok pulp contains Pectin which can be useful in our society and possibly be extracted. Pectin is a structural heteropolysaccharide contained in the primary cell walls of terrestrial plants. The main use for pectin (vegetable agglutinate) is as a gelling agent, thickening agent and stabilizer in food. On this account, the researcher would like to experiment on tamarind pods, which has Pectin content and to extract it for further use, which can help in the food industry here in our country. Statement of the Problem The study aims to extract Pectin from Sampalok (Tamarindus indica) pods. Specifically to answer, the following questions: * How can Pectin be extracted from Sampalok? * How much Pectin can be extracted from the Tamarind fruit? * What general characteristics did the Pectin from the Tamarind fruit exhibit? Hypotheses * Pectin cannot be extracted from Tamarind. * No amount of Pectin can be extracted from the Tamarind. * The tamarind fruit did not exhibit characteristics of Pectin. Significance of the Study This study will help reduce the country’s importation of pectin from other countries. . Based from Government’s statistical data, our country had imported about 93,150 kilos of pectin in 2008. The cost incurred in importing Pectin is about P27, 000 per kilo. Finding an alternative source of pectin from locally grown plants like tamarind will help reduce the country’s dependence on pectin importation as well as help the local economy. If proven that pectin can be commercially extracted from tamarind then the local populace will be encouraged to cultivate tamarind as extra income. Scope and Limitations In this study, the researcher is only limited to use the tamarind pulp surrounding the seeds, called â€Å"malasebo† Tamarind pulp is the main independent variable in the extraction of pectin except for the materials needed for the extraction process. This project is limited only in extracting pectin from tamarind pulp. Review of Related Literature Pectin is defined as complex mixtures of polysaccharides that make up approximately one third of the cell-wall dry substance of most types of plants (Van Buren, 1991). The function of pectin in plants is to contribute structural integrity to the cell wall and adhesion between cells.   The methods of extraction will vary based on the actual makeup for each particular plant type. For example, protopectins are brought into solution by hot dilute acids. The general makeup of the pectin content varies with ripening of the plant and it is fairly easily brought into solution depending on the plant type (Van Buren, 1991). Commercial pectin extraction is mainly from citrus peel and apple pomace, but several other sources exist such as sugar beets and sunflower heads.   Because it is a natural additive for foods, pectin is being considered for a number of applications beyond the traditional jams and jellies. Pectin is now used as thickeners, water binders, and stabilizers. It is used in yogurts and pastry glazes and as a stabilizer in drinkable yogurts and blends of milk and fruit juices (May, 1990). Pectin is also being used as a texturizing fat replacer to mimic the mouth-feel of lipids in low-calorie foods and shorter chain galacturonic acids have been considered as clarification agents in fruit juices (Braddock, 1999). Pectin is also being used as a texturizing fat replacer to mimic the mouth-feel of lipids in low-calorie foods and shorter chain galacturonic acids have been considered as clarification agents in fruit juices (Braddock, 1999). Pectin has also been investigated for its usefulness in the pharmaceutical industry. Among other uses it has been considered in the class of dietary fibers known to have a positive effect on digestive processes and to help lower cholesterol (Braddock, 1999). It also is utilized to stabilize liquid pharmaceutical emulsions and suspensions. Pectin is capable of forming gels with sugar and acid. Because of this gelling ability one of the well-known uses of pectin is in high sugar jams and confectionery jellies, dating back to at least the 18th century (IPPA, 2001). METHODOLOGY The subsequent materials were used in the study: 1 kg fresh tamarind fruit, 750g water, kettle, a large bowl, cheese cloth, sieve, isopropanol, and drying oven. The fruit pods will then be put in the kettle and boiled for one hour. When boiling, heat to low and stir occasionally to break up pods. Transfer cooked pods with water in the large bowl and strain using a sieve, pressing pulp against it to extract all the juice. Then, strain the extracted juice again using the cheese cloth to produce a clear liquid extract. To remove impurities, use the most common method in which, mix the liquid extract with an organic solvent in which pectin is insoluble. As International Food Standards permit the use of only methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol as an organic solvent, the researcher treated the liquid extract with isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol) in the ratio of 1 part liquid extract to 2 parts alcohol. In this process, when the liquid extract is mixed with sufficient alcohol, it solidifies the extract, making it firm enough to be handled. This precipitate (Pectin) is then washed several times to further remove other impurities. Once the pectin is isolated, it is dried in a drying oven overnight at 45 degrees Celsius, then ground to powder. Definition of Terms Pectin – is a structural heteropolysaccharide contained in the primary cell walls of terrestrial plants. It is used in food as a gelling agent particularly in jams and jellies. It is also used in fillings, medicines, sweets, as a stabilizer in fruit juices and milk drinks, and as a source of dietary fiber. Tamarind – is a long-lived, medium-growth, bushy tree, which attains a maximum crown height of 12.1 to 18.3 metres (40 to 60 feet). The crown has an irregular, vase-shaped outline of dense foliage. The fruit is an indehiscent legume, sometimes called a pod, 12 to 15 cm (3 to 6 inches) in length, with a hard, brown shell. The fruit has a fleshy, juicy, acidulous pulp. It is mature when the flesh is coloured brown or reddish-brown. The tamarinds of Asia have longer pods containing six to 12 seeds, whereas African and West Indian varieties have short pods containing one to six seeds. The seeds are somewhat flattened, and glossy brown. The tamarind is best described as sweet and sour in taste, and is high in acid, sugar, B vitamins and, oddly for a fruit, calcium. Extraction – the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound using physical or chemical means. BIBLIOGRAPHY Book Sources: * Quisumbing, E. (1951) Philippine Medicinal Plants. Genus TAMARINDUS Linnaeus pp. 434-436, Manila * Srivastava, P. & Malviya, R. (2011) Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources Vol. 2 (1) Sources of pectin, extraction and its applications in pharmaceutical industry. pp. 10-18 * May, C. D. Handbook of Hydrocolloids pp. 169-188 * Huang, J. M. G. Improved method for the extraction of Pectin, PO Box 4200 Highstown, New Jersey 08520

My Proudest Day of My Life

The Proudest Day of My Life The grey schooldays what I once hated most, are finally over. Do you remember the tons of homework, different and challenging assignment, hard exams? So those are the past now. It was a beautiful summer day, the big day, the day of my graduation. An important event, that many of my friends and I prayed for that we will do well after our examination without worries. The feeling was so special that no words could describe it. But despite of this I really would like to share with you my special day! The loud applause from the students rocked the hall when the school syndicate entered.Everyone was so excited about it. The music was uplifting as the symbols of the school then our teachers and the dean had reached their seats. We rose and sang the National Hymn. After the hymn, the dean opened the graduation ceremonially with his speech. Then some of our teachers and some pupils said â€Å"thank you† and â€Å"good bye† to each other. Although the first speech was quite dry, the others were very interesting. After the speeches students from each class lined up in the auditorium. Many of us waited eagerly for our turn to go the main stage to receive our diplomas from the dean.We were more than two hundred but I was waiting patiently. Of course I was very excited. Soon after that, it was my turn. How can I describe that feeling you have been waiting for so long? As I heard my name, I stood up, walked to the stage and the dean handed my diploma after shaking each other's hands. A second later I heard the applause and the unforgettable moment of feeling proud, that yes, I did it! It was an amazing feeling to stay there in front of everyone, especially in front of your family, your loved ones and see the joy in their eyes.In that seconds and on the way back to my seat I recalled a lot of memories from the last five years. All the positive and negative aspects of being a student came to my mind like the hard exams or the fun time w ith my friends. After the ceremony, in the background, a white projector screen scrolled down then flashed a video on it. It recalled many memories from our first day we had our orientation till the last days. I was astonished to see my face as some pictures of me popped up on the screen. Seeing myself five years younger at the orientation week with a scared face and with a â€Å"what am I doing here† feeling was really funny.I felt a little bit embarrassed, but we laughed a lot with my friends. At the end of the ceremony we sang the school song then we went to the fountain in front of the university and took some pictures with friends and our last group photo. After that we had a short conversation with friends and somehow a sense of nostalgia aroused eventhough we were all happy that we finally graduated. I took a last glance around the main lobby – the place I first entered the university five years ago – before I went back to my family.Along the way back hom e, in the car was the time when I had a weird feeling. It felt as if it was happiness and sadness with many other kinds of feelings. The feeling was stronger when I had reached home. I knew if I told myself I did not miss the school and my friends that would be lye. Perhaps that was the last time we gathered our friends together. However, I am extremely happy that I finished my school and got my master degree, but I also will miss it! I am sure that we would not be able to feel what we once felt together in the classroom during the past five years.

Westward Settlement essays

Westward Settlement essays The westward settlement created a dangerous area of political and social conflict between the backcountry settlers, and the eastern settlers. Economic, governmental and ethnic differences played a major role in the continuing conflicts between the east and west. There were many clashes in the early 1760s, between the backcountry settlers and the eastern settlers, from the Paxton Boys to the North and South Carolina Regulations. The westward settlement created a dangerous area of political conflict. Backcountry settlers were isolated more than other colonials. There was a lack of transportation, usually a days ride to the nearest courthouse, tavern, or church. These back country settlers were mostly settlers whom had little money to pay their taxes, and they did not like being governed by officials who were chosen by assemblies so far away. Back country settlers were also economically isolated; many parts were cut off from water transport because they were located above the fall line. Backcountry settlers did not often transport crops or livestock because it was too expensive. Since most backcountry settlers did not have money, they were unable to purchase slaves or servants. Most families were only able to grow enough to feed their own families. As the western communities grew, they needed additional funds to build roads and bridges for creating institutions for local self-government. Eastern colonials were not very helpful; they were slow to set up new colonies in the west, when counties were set up the areas had large lots of land but few representatives. With no continuous local leadership, backcountry farmers who owned had more land than others, or owned a slave were put to the tasks overseeing public order, and were representatives for colonial assemblies. Most of these men were poorly educated and had no experience. With so little authority in the backcountry, settlers had a more aggressive behavior...

Marine Arthropod Facts and Examples

Marine Arthropod Facts and Examples Arthropods are animals in the Phylum Arthropoda, a very diverse group of organisms that includes insects, crabs, lobsters, scorpions, and centipedes. Characteristics of Arthropods: All arthropods have: Jointed legs, making them quick-moving organismsA segmented bodyA hard exoskeleton made of a strong polysaccharide called chitin. This hard shell helps protect the animal and retains moisture. Classification: Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: Arthropoda Habitat and Distribution: Arthropods are found in habitats all over the world - dry land, fresh water, and salt water. In the ocean, they can live from coastal habitats like sandy beaches and intertidal areas all the way to the deep sea. Reproduction: Most arthropods reproduce sexually, through internal fertilization. In many arthropods, such as crabs, you can see eggs attached to the abdomen. Marine Examples of Arthropods: Examples of marine arthropods: LobstersCrabs (e.g., green crab, spider crab, hermit crab)Horseshoe crabsSea spidersBarnaclesCopepodIsopodsAmphipodsSkeleton shrimp

I do not know Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

I do not know - Research Paper Example What exactly is a financial crisis? This is an important question to ask at the outset of this paper if we are to understand our subject. Generally speaking, financial crises arise in a variety of situations in which some financial institutions or industries suddenly lose large amounts of their value. For example, in the past, many such situations were associated with banking panics, stock market crashes and financial bubbles. The result is that country loses its wealth. Jobs are lost and people and companies go bankrupt. These crisis are often unexpected and result in a great deal of wealth being wiped out. People suffer and it can take years for the economy to regain its balance (Williams, 23). All sectors of society find themselves set back and productivity and growth become very slow. In the most recent example, the subprime mortgage crisis was one of the first indicators of 2007 financial crisis. There is a clear line that can be drawn between the massive number of mortgage defaults and the consequent crisis. High default rates on subprime adjustable rate mortgages began to increase very rapidly in this period. The long term trend of rising housing prices and better loans encourage borrowers to believe they would be able repay their mortgages quicker. They thought they had a good deal and would be able to refinance if they had a problem. However, this was not the case. â€Å"The first clear sign that the US housing bubble was bursting, the mid-2007 crisis in the sub-prime mortgage market (stemming from the significant increase in defaults), transmitted losses to a whole set of securitized financial products such as mortgage-backed securities† ( Lin, 32). The truth is that the American dream of home ownership had gone into overdrive. People who were unable to afford to pay mortgage payments were given mortgages. People with bad credit or unstable employment were given

Comprehensive planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comprehensive planning - Assignment Example These are some of the items that bring abut controversy in the agendas of local government. With their widespread significance and usage, it is surprising to see that plans are hardly evaluated against standards of best practice. Despite the centrality in plan making about land use, to the regional and city planning profession, there is a knowledge gap in relation to the quality of produced plans. This may be because of the complexity of the plan’s nature, as well as future orientation which bring together issues, factors, and aspirations from many sources to focus on long term outcomes. The gap is also as a result of unsystematic result integration and lack of evaluation because of the perception that they involve a lot of art, which defy rational analysis. Assessment of Plan Quality New York New York is a metropolitan city that consists of a society that is performance oriented. In such a city, people should be able to judge if their development plans achieve their goals, an d how well the planning process has been conducted. The plan by Robert Moses shaped New York City by providing freeways, parks and bridges systems (Ballon & Jackson, 2007; Caro, 1974). The aims of a profession like regional and city planning include enforcing high practice standards. Good practitioners reflect on their work’s quality and their experience so that they can learn (Meck, 2002). In New York, land use plans help the public to develop sustainable communities that value environmental, social, and economic values balance (Godschalk and Kaiser, 1995). These are the main subject matter elements of the plan, together with guiding land use in the future into configurations that are desirable. It also aims at assisting communities in addressing threats and opportunities, so as to make the best choice among policy alternatives. This planning presentation is clear in its organization. New York land use plan reaches the full planning power because stake holders are educated a bout options and issues, thus helping them to build consensus about visions of the community, thus mediating conflict between change and stability. The community’s participation in the process has helped its citizens in educating their future leaders and networks to resiliently respond to stresses like disasters. New York City Plan also gives the community periodic updates where the community gets an opportunity to assess the progress of their goals, and change in conditions that are important. According to Berke, Godschalk and Kaiser (2006), a good plan has a wide range of power to influence life quality, environmental justice, disaster resistance, economic opportunity, infrastructure costs, transportation efficiency and other aspects that affect community life. The New York plan is very comprehensive in taking into account all these issues. It is community oriented, besides allowing community participation. On the other hand, it fits well into Godschalk and Kaiser Developme nt plan. It was systematically evaluated, to specifically identify the strengths and weaknesses, thus determining its overall quality through democratic determination of instruments and visions. This provided a basis that ensured that it attained