Theories and Treatment Programs for Delinquent and Adult Offenders Research Paper

Theories and Treatment Programs for Delinquent and Adult Offenders - Research Paper ExampleSome treatment programs for delinquents and adult offenders may be used for both(prenominal) populations. Substance abuse treatments are used for both delinquents and adult offenders. According to substance treatments for both sides, the philosophy they work upon is that substance abuse is one of the study reasons why the majority of the youth and delinquents are taking part in organized crime gangs, in shape ending up with extensive roughshod records. According to Nelson (2007), adult offenders take part in criminal activities as a result of their being jobless and a need to make a living, therefore, the majority end up stealing while others may have been under the influence of drugs at the time of the crime.Educational programs for individuals who may be addict to drugs or other substances is highly recommended within the rehabilitation process. Rehabilitation is the ultimate goal of cur rent treatment programs. During probation, the drug addicts undergo rehabilitation programs that enlighten them on the dangers of drug abuse, with a focus on transforming the individuals into responsible and productive human beings within society. At the end of many rehabilitation programs, research shows that many of these individuals turn out to be responsible individuals.Improving an individuals ego is one treatment program for delinquent offenders. This treatment program works on the belief that if the ego of the youthful or delinquent offender is boosted by increasing self-esteem, then these individuals are able to engage as positive berth models in society they are able to have a new life that conforms to societys values. Since the direction and focus is to instill behavioral replace in the individuals this method is also used toward reforming the adult offenders, as well. The hope is that the offenders may be given an opportunity to advance in life by introducing them to

Managing Schools Corporate Image - a Case Study in University Essay

Managing Schools Corporate Image - a Case Study in University - Essay ExampleJust as any opposite corporations present in the community, pedagogical institutions ar not exempted from this common situation in the community. It is necessary for educational institutions to project a good image and identity towards the community since they are considered responsible in shaping the future of every nation.As simple as these two ideas may seem yet in reality, this is one of the near difficult and the most complex challenges that a business may face that concerns management these days. In order to address this challenge, every organization must view and recognize the importance of corporate image and identity. (http//www.lippincottmercer.com/insights/a_roberts03.shtml, para 4)In order to make sure that the fellowship is developing the reputation it seeks from the community, the need for perfectly aline these two elements - corporate image and corporate identity, is held necessary furth ermore considered to be the only focus of attaining such expectations. (http//www.lippincottmercer.com/insights/a_roberts03.shtml, para 2 & 5)Identity goes to the heart of how a company creates value in the marketplace and in the financial markets. In a nutshell, that is the very essence of image management. This key element in building the reputation of the organization includes the organizations purpose, its vision, its strategy and its business objectives. (http//www.lippincottmercer.com/insights/a_roberts03.shtml, para 2, 5 & 6)As a whole, corporate identity consists of all its products and services, as well as how its people behave that is projected through the shared values of the organization and its employees. Corporate identity digs deeper as to the process and the ways in which the company creates its own value in the community where it markets its products and services. (http//www.lippincottmercer.com/insights/a_roberts03.shtml, para 2, 5 & 6)On the other hand, corporat e image has to do something with the people who had availed of the corporations products and services, their impressions and associations towards the corporation as comprehend through their experiences with the company. Generally, these impressions and association that the consumers have developed within themselves can however be controlled by the corporation. Everything that the consumers have to go through is capable of being controlled by the corporation to a greater or lesser degree. This may include the tone and manner of its employees, its pricing structure, the quality of its customer service, the publicity it receives from the media, its social reactivity and its activities in the community. (http//www.lippincottmercer.com/insights/a_roberts03.shtml, para 7) It is and has been conceptualized largely in terms of the visual aspect it projects to the people. In business management studies, they also suggest that image is impelled mostly by the organization and is presented t o the employees in both verbal and visual form. (qtd in Moffit & Williams, 1997)Managing effectively the corporate image and identity is considered as the only way of building the desired reputation of the corporation towards its target consumers. (http//www.lippincottmercer.com/insights/a_roberts03.shtml, para 7)Hong Kong Institute of Education (HKIEd) - A Case StudyPedagogical institutions, unlike any other corporations, have a more challenging management strategy

Team member encouragement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Team member encouragement - Research Paper ExampleThe two members do not consider handing their reports to me as a matter of priority. Nevertheless, I have a strategy to encourage these team up members to contribute to the project on time. It is essential for me to acquire team management skills, troth resolution, and negotiation skills as a project manager (University of Technology Sydney, 2006). As a result, I undertake to attend various workshops, seminars, and training sessions as a well continue practicing such skills with an aim of handling the team members in an efficient manner. Specifically, for the sake of streamlining reporting, I allow ensure that I negotiate and have a reporting arrangement with the sponsors and stakeholders at the beginning and throughout the project (University of Technology Sydney, 2006). Nevertheless, I go away make sure that the reporting system is tensile and its content and frequency varies through the project running time. This testamen t ensure that all the team members find it relevant and necessary to submit their weekly reports to the salutary person and at the right time. I will involve the views of all stakeholders while formulating the reporting system to ensure that the team members value the reporting system and understand the reporting authority structure. Notably, team- meshing in planning a project remains the most important idea that project managers should consider (Spellman, 2011). In my context, this will help me to establish stepwise techniques that will foster the creation, development, and evaluation of relevant project management tools (Portny et al, 2007). This will derive substantial knowledge that will modify me to encourage and deal with the team members without jeopardizing the motivation and performance of the large multidisciplinary product testing team that I manage. At the same time, I will seek to build a strong project team delegation with a view of increasing the probability for a successful performance. To achieve this, I will determine and define the delegated duties, select the right personnel, determine the time of completion, and state the expected outcomes. This will encourage the team members to develop a sense of involvement and make significant and timely contributions to the project. To this effect, I will equally monitor performance by setting up strategic checkpoints to monitor performance that will encourage constant reporting, high gear performance, and completion of the project according to schedule (Portny et al, 2007). I will equally seek to establish project teams with a high sense of accountability and responsibility to foster timely reporting and successful completion of the project. Consequently, I will develop the project procedures that will promote effective relations among the team members. Moreover, I will define and establish the roles, identities, processes, and practices that will enable the team members to achieve individual and team goals within the stipulated time (Russell, 2011). Notably, team members value projects that will enhance their chances of achieving significant professional and personal goals. As such, I will explain the dynamics, sponsors, results, and possible effects of the project on the fundamental law and to the individual members (Portny et al, 2

Problems of farmers in present day of Life Essay Example for Free

Problems of bring outers in present day of Life EssayWe trust of arises as always being there. Food will always be grown. Our countryside will be full of cows and crops just like it always has been. The incident is that this may not be true. Farmers are faced with the growing costs to run their farms. These costs include taxes, insurance, and regular farm costs. When we visited a farm, the farmer express that this was one of his main concerns. and not the weather conditions like we thought. Farmers are being offered big money to sell their farms. Companies that are building lots of houses and condominiums buy up farm land so that city people can move into the country. They break up the farm land into smaller pieces of land. In the picture on the right, you will see an example of how housing developments are gradually taking over valuable farm land. With more people traveling and moving into the country, more roads need to be built. Roads take up land, too. Many times the l and is farmland. So, the farmer is offered lots of money to sell their land.The high taxes and farm costs make this look good to farmers. Another big threat is roads that go around cities. These are called loops or bypasses. These use up farm land, parks, and green spaces edging our cities. This has had a terrible track record over the past few years, although many mayors and members of Congress now want to build more. As a nation, we should stop giant highways and promote new transportation that helps the economy and the environment.We interviewed former Congressman and former head of the New Jersey Turnpike billet Neil Gallagher who said, New Jersey used to make awful smells that would spread across the area from a major pig farm in Secaucus. A invent then was made by Governor Al Driscoll to run a highway through New York State to the crossing of the Delaware River to take out the handicraft on Highway Number 1. In order to build these roadways, all the roads had to connect and pass through Secaucus which had to be the hub of the highway. In order to do this, the government had to buy all the pig farms in Secaucus. Mr. Gallagher remembers that several laws were passedA new governing was formed called the New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Creation of an organization that would buy the farms at a fair price. Allowing the turnpike to sell bonds to raise money to buy the land andbuild the road. The bonds would be paid for by the tolls that were placid on the turnpike. Two thirds of the money came from out-of-state drivers. The result of the New Jersey Turnpike Authority closing down the farms was that we lost the farm land, and the new use of that land resulted in the greatest economic boom that the state of New Jersey had ever seen. The road itself created all new jobs throughout the state and in Secaucus itself.Lets use the New Jersey Meadowlands sports complex as an example. This land became some of the most valuable land in the metropolitan area when the M eadowlands including Giant Stadium, the expedite track, and Continental Arena was built where pig farms used to be. Mr. Gallagher feels that, Sometimes the price of progress is finding a better use of land that benefits more people at the expense of a more rural and quiet way of life. The threat to farming had to be raised for the people of the state. This is one example, but a labyrinthine sense does have to be set from nature and a growing society. Many people would agree with Mr. Gallaghers statements and many others would not. No matter where you stand on the loss of valuable farmland to development, you need to always be concerned about the future of our farming communities.

The Last Storyteller Essay Example for Free

The Last Storyteller EssayBefore the Europeans colonized America different tribes of native-born Americas appointed storytellers to keep the tribes history alive. In This Is What It Means to show Phoenix, genus Arizona, by Sherman Alexie an odd boy named doubting doubting Thomas Builds-the-Fire holds the title of storyteller. This short story is close a journey Thomas takes with his old friend Victor to claim Victors fathers ashes from Phoenix, Arizona and bring them back to their qualification in Spokane. The story ultimately portrays the strain between Victors and Thomass friendship. Alexie uses Thomas and his friendship with Victor to show that not every matchless conforms to what we call the social norms.Thomas Builds-the-Fire is different from the other boys from his reservation. In the opening scene Victor is standing in line at the trading post. He has a hundred buck check in hand to cover travel expenses to find his father when he notices Thomas at a magazine rack. When Thomas approaches Victor and they origin a conversation about his father. All the Indians at the trading post are surprised Victor is actually talking with him. In This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona perspective is shown by All the other Indians stared, surprised that Victor was even talking to Thomas. Nobody talked to Thomas anymore because he told the same doomed stories over and over again (Alexie 171). This is when we first find out that Thomas is not accepted by his by his own people and is considered an outsider. Thomas is not taken seriously and is not listened too because he enjoys recounting storys of his tribes past.Thomas makes a proposition to Victor agreeing to help with expenses for his journey to remedy his fathers ashes if he is allowed to come. Victor reluctantly agrees to Thomass terms. The boys sat next to each other on the flight along with a tiny white woman who had the window seat. Thomas begins a conversation with the woman despite Victors em barrassment. In This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona voice is shown by Excuse me, miss, Thomas asked. Are you a gymnast or something (Alexie 173)? Thomas is out spoken and is not afraid of being embarrassed contradictory Victor who is sit down quietly hoping Thomas will stop. Victor eventually chimes in at the end but it is Thomass outspokenness that started the conversation. In this scene not only does the author show that Thomas is different but that the gymnast is unusual as well. In This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona character is shown by She was busy twisting her body into pretzels. She was flexible (Alexie 173). Most people on an airplane would find it a bit uncomfortable to be sitting next to someone contorting their bodyOnce Thomas and Victor had reclaimed Victors dads ashes they drove to the bank and retrieved the three hundred-dollars from his fathers account. spell on the road back to there hometown Spokane Victor recounts the story of when Thomas flew. In This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona perspective is shown when Once, he jumped off the jacket crown of the tribal school and flapped his arms like a crazy eagle. And he flew. For a second he hovered, suspended above all the other Indian boys, who were too smart or to scared to jump too (Alexie 175). Thomas fell and broke his arm in two places, but Thomas did what no other boy would do, even though they all wished too. This is not something many people would do but the author uses this to show that Thomas is not swayed by other peoples opinions.While the boys drive through Nevada the landscape is described. In This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona setting is shown when Thomas and Victor had been knocked out(p) at the lack of animal life, at the absence of water, of movement (Alexie 176). The setting of Nevada is desolate and baron of life. There are rarely any animals that are seen during the day. Since Nevada is one big desert most of the animals are noct urnal they come out after the sun has set and the oppressive heat has resided. The symbol of the Nevada desert is employ to describe the feeling of being alone. The setting is used to show the feeling of being alone and how both boys are experiencing it.Alexia succeeds in portraying a message about not conforming to social norms in her short story This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona. Through out the story Thomas shows that he is different and that he isnt going to change for anybody. Thomas despite being faced with many hardships, judgments, torments and even being beat up never faltered in his beliefs. Being different and not conforming the social norms is not an easy thing for people to do and this is what Alexia was trying to portray.

Virtual Leader Essay Example for Free

Virtual loss leader EssayAccording to the book, management is the fulfill of working with and through others to achieve organizational objectives efficiently and ethic eithery, as well as effectively. Before we started to learn the category material and before the Virtual attractor simulation began, I thought that managing others would not be too difficult. I mainly thought that with authority came power, but as we lettered in class this is not the case. My initial perception was that employees under managers would comply with their managers requests without much hesitation since the manager would automatically have reward, coercive, and legitimate power. The Virtual Leader scenario was quite a learning experience as I was not too good at it to begin with. Beginning with scenario 1, I struggled getting Oli to follow up the tasks that I wanted him to do. redden though I (Corey) was new to the company, I thought that I could get my ideas passed more easily since I was Olis m anager. My unclouded authority over him was not enough to convince him easily. At the beginning of the simulation, Oli is noticeably overqualified and underpaid for his position and is showing little respect for his new manager.I learned after running the simulation multiple times that you have to give and hold with Oli. If you have got his ideas and encourage him, then he is more likely to support your ideas. You also have to keep him under control and negatively influence him if he was encouraging wrong ideas. As I did the next scenarios, I act to apply original leadership style of using my authority to try and push my ideas through. Again, this was unsuccessful. As the scenarios continued and I (Corey) was no longer the highest position, my overpowering advance again proved to be the wrong approach.For example, I could not exercise my legitimate power in scenario 3 with Herman and Will because they were both superior to me in terms of position. I had to adjust my style as I did in scenario 1, and gain support from others by support them. These adjustments of my leadership style according to the topographic point is an example of the contingency leadership approach that we learned about in class. I especially had to change my leadership behavior in scenario 4 because I had the least amount of authority in the meeting.I had to take more of a back seat and wait for the other 3 members to bring up different ideas, support others ideas so I could gain their support, and then finally push my ideas such as Keep Nortic Vendors. My original assumptions of legitimate power is all a leader needs and that the best way to accomplish a task or an idea is to just keep pushing it without listening and supporting others is what made it difficult for me to achieve high scores relatively quickly.After analyzing my flaws and realizing what I was doing wrong, it made me realize that I should have been using the exact same(p) leadership style that my former employer and CE O of The Motley Fool implements. As I noticed while sitting in during a meeting subsist summer, he did not do much of the talking. He would merely listen to and support others ideas that he liked and then propose his ideas once the time was right. Even once he proposed the ideas he would let other members in the meeting discuss his ideas first to get a sense of others opinions on it, and would then elaborate.If I had to guess, he would be brilliant at Virtual Leader. Virtual Leader really made me realize that leadership is more of a give and take relationship between the manager and his/her employees instead of an overpowering relationship. Employees do not want to be bullied and told what to do all the time, they want a leader who cease encourage them and ultimately steer the company in the right direction, no matter where the ideas come from.

Nurses Role In Communicating Effectively In Clinical Practice

Nurses Role In Communicating stiffly In Clinical entrustThe purpose of this essay is to discuss and analyse the nurses role, in relation to communicating soundly in clinical practice. To explore this area fully an event taken from a clinical practice will be outlined, in accordance to the NMC (2008) confidentiality guide lines. To follow after(prenominal) will be how we learn to reveal, what chat is and the potence barriers that prevent effective communication. A nursing module by the name of Egan (SOLER) that has been especially designed to help nurses develop communication skills will be discussed in relation to the clinical practice example. Another nursing module from Roper, Logan and Tierney has in any case been briefly examined and related sticker to the clinical practice example. Suit subject conclusions will be drawn up to bring this topic to a closure.In accordance to the Nursing and midwifery Council (NMC) 2008, the patients name has been changed in order to prote ct their identity. Alex is a male patient, in his late forties and is currently being treated for on a mental health ward. To communicate with Alex a trusted relationship had to course up first, as he suffers from paranoia schizophrenia. His average day would consist of being huddled into a ball in a small arm direct anxiously aware of everyone and everything almost him. I aimed to make sure that I approached Alex in the same manor every shift in order to progress to up a trust between us, so that i could offer assistance to him if needed. Over the placement period the trusted bond between Alex and I had started to form and he nowadays trusted me enough to help assist him to the dining elbow room to feed him, where as normally the food was brought to him be develop of his nervousness and misgiving around large groups .In order to communicate effectively you need to understand the aspects involved with communication. The basics start off with oral and written communication sk ills taught to us from a young age, in order to achieve in life. Oral communication is a constant learning skill throughout life, by observing and practising. The same can be said for written communication. Both communication aspects should equally complement one another, as weak or unequal oral/written skills can lead to disagreements between individuals, poor documentation, and waste of time for resources. Whilst mastering the art of effective oral communication other factors now come into play such as, using undefendable and closed inquirys to enhance a conversation and also the facilitators/barriers to communication. As well as being able to speak and write correctly, other learning functions are also taught from a young age by observing others, and are also included in our constant learning curve through life, these include listening, understanding, becoming self aware and to the ability to maintain confidentiality . Without these important extra factors no further betterm ent personally or professionally would be able to happen. If unable to listen and understand oral communication/commands catastrophic consequences could occur, especially in the field of nursing.Effective communication is needed in order to understand the individuals viewpoint on their illness and to strive for empathy. The nurses job does not only involve looking after the physical demands of the patient, but also to try and build up a cure relationship between them.Oral communication consists mainly of two divisions called communicatory and non verbal, from which they both strand off and explore the various different characteristics between them.Verbal communication pays close charge to the accents, pitch, tone, volume, speed and context. (Arnold, 2001, p.41)Referring back to the clinical example above, before I started to communicate with Alex I politely asked him what language he spoke or preferred to use, Alex stated that English was his only language.The Nursing and Midwife ry Council (2008) states that, You mustiness make arrangements to meet peoples language and communication needs. (NMC code 2008, p.3)Communication was one of the barriers that affected Alex so therefore effective verbal communication was exceedingly important to my patient in order for him to maintain his social interaction skills and memory processing (Mason and Whitehead 2003) By approaching Alex frequently throughout distributively shift I tried to maintain as much social interaction as possible to help him oercome his timid social skills and to bound some sort of normality to his daily animation on the ward. Communicating with Alex would often be a one way conversation due to the miss of response when communicating with him some qualified health care professionals would spend less time with him, for the feeling of being ignored. When actually socialising with the patients is a therapeutic activity and can help with the healing process.Mason and Whitehead states that, Thus, nursing can be viewed as a social action and also as a form of therapy in itself.I tried to speak to Alex in a way that I hoped would reassure to him that I brought no harm, by retardant down my speech and speaking quieter and softer than normal. The purpose in doing so was that speaking in a lower tone to Alex proved to be more effective and calming for him, which overall provided a better response in conversation. If you were to suddenly ask Alex a question, without thinking about your self-awareness and interpersonal skills first, it would startle him and sometimes cause an outburst of unsettlement.Whilst trying to keep sentences short and simple for easier understanding, to further the conversion I made a conscious effort to ask open questions that would motivate more of an answer other than yes or no. The reason in doing so was to try and assist with Alexs social skills and build up his autonomy confidence. Questions such as what visitors have you had today or who got you ou t of bed this morning would help to establish a small conversion whilst trying to set up building blocks to further the conversation.To start a conversation off with one of the following words who, what, when, where, why and how, help to approach an open ended question and to also address specific symptoms. (Sheldon L.K, 2009.)While non verbal communication looks more at the paralinguistics such as, body language and movements, facial nerve expressions, propinquity, eye contact and posture. (Arnold, 2001, p.41)Referring back to the clinical example above, non verbal communication needed just as much attention because Alex would sit with his knees pulled in tightly to his chest, with his arms wrapped around them and his head bowed down. By displaying these closed gestures, Alex was indicating his need for self protection, and that he was feeling vulnerable. In order to open up his body language and communicate with Alex small and gestures had to be used such as, trying to maintain e ye contact throughout lets you establish a connection and initiates communication whether it be verbal or non verbal, it also helps to engage with your patient and help with attentiveness. (Gupta, 2008)Before I sat down or made an approach, I made sure that I informed Alex what I was going to do.Uys and Middleton suggest, When moving towards the patient, inform him/her verbally of what your actions mean.By pulling up a chair to sit next to Alex decreasing the proximity between us i tried to show warmth, care and understanding, by placing my arm slowly and gently on his arm of the chair, instead of standing over him and coming across as superior. (Boyer,J.M 1992)Proximity between Alex and I would differ from day to day, sitting close to him in a chair may be ok some days and on others you would need to allow significant body space. By judging his non verbal communication such as facial expressions and eye contact, you consciously knew the distance he would appreciate. (Uys and Middle ton, 2004)To offer assistance to Alex and prepare him for moving off his security setting and into the dining room for food, I would verbally and non-verbally explain to Alex what the plan was and how we were going to get to the dining room. I would point to specific points in the day room and explain it would only take third steps or five steps to the next point, to try and encourage movement. Whilst pointing around the room I would show my palms instead of pointing my index finger. The reason for showing my palms was that pointing at something can be misinterpreted as an attack, whereas a palm is more open and patient, ready for encouraging small movement at a time. masking points in the room to where we would walk to first, would make the journey to the dining room seem less intimidating and also not to cause any spare anxiety for him, as some restless and panicky patients need reassurance about the availability of support (Uys and Middleton, 2004)Other days small gestures wo uld be all it took for Alex to open up his body language, such as keeping a happy, wide eyed expression around him, showing that i was still available if he wanted some reassurance.The start of Egan (1986) has been drawn upon extensively by nurses as the basis for active listening, as this skill is a fundamental aspect mandatory by nurses to provide adequate care, and by suggesting that non verbal skills can demonstrate to the patients that you are listening to what he or she is saying. The frame work is labelled by the name of SOLER, and is an acronym from the word squarely. It encourages the nurse to sit squarely facing your patient so that you may engage them fully this was especially helpful when talking to Alex as it showed I was willing to communicate with him. It also mentions about adopting an open posture to show encouraging and facilitates patient expression. Alex displayed closed off gestures, by implying openness I tried to facilitate effective communication whilst also being aware of my own body language, posture and movement. To lean slightly forward showing attention and interest was not always a good position to hold, as being so close to Alex would slightly unnerve him and make him feel intimidated. Soler also suggests maintaining good eye contact, which again shows interest. In relation to Alex maintaining good eye contact was vital for encouragement and progress when assisting to the dining room, by showing a wide eye, happy expression I aimed for encouragement and reassurance. The last go away of Soler, Egan argues that it is imperative not to fidget and to feel at ease and relaxed (Stretch, 2007) again this part played an important factor when assisting Alex to the dining room.There are also many barriers that prevent effective communication between the nurse and patients such as, stereotyping. Nurses must try and refrain from culturally stereotyping patients, and should consult patients regarding values, beliefs, preferences and cultura l identification first. (Boyer.J,M, 1992)Other barriers include perceptions, prejudgements, environmental factors and nurses avoiding subjects or rapidly changing the subject if the nurse feels self-conscious within a nurse/patient situation. The reason for distancing themselves was to avoid exploring an area that could actually do more harm than good to the patient. Over time this mental process has been reviewed and communication is now seen as a vital aspect for improved better care and a more therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. (Walsh and Crumbie, 2007)Roper, Logan and Tierney collaborated to refine the Roper models (1980) as a way of introducing beginning students to think about nursing practice. It has been used extensively within the United Kingdom as a frame work for nursing care, practice, teaching and learning.The module is divided up into two sections, the module of animateness including the sixteen activities of living (ALS) and the module for nursing including tw elve further activities of living that came into action after a lengthy debate in 1996.Starting off with the module of living Roper et al categorized this section into lead groups, essential looks at the physical demands of daily living, increase quality of living pays close attention to the social aspect of daily living, and mortality looks at the dying stage of life. The next twelve activities of living are related to particular human needs and have biological basis to them, whereas the sixteen activities of daily living have social and cultural determinants. (Aggleton and Chalmers, 1986) (Holland et al, 2003)The focus of the theory model is aimed at efficient nurse/patient communication in order to achieve a positive living outcome for the patient. It shows empathy, non judgement and respect to the patients needs by recognising that, people require nursing episodically and that minimal disruption to a persons life style should be maintained.As mentioned previously with Alex, co mmunication with him on the ward was to try and keep some sort of normality to his daily living, whilst being looked after.Roper, Logan and Tierney states that, Alternative strategies should be carried out on an informed basis and not simply in accordance with past precedent. (Aggleton and Chalmers, 1986, P.31)One of the new strategies tried with Alex was to assist him to the dining room for food, rather than bringing the food to him where he felt secure in his chair. The purpose in doing so was to encourage and seek responsibility for self-care, to promote arrogance and to raise Alexs self esteem.Conclusion